Garden planning according to climate

I'm currently in the planning phase, an I'm following up on climate and the possibilities we have here.

The temperate climate zone is found in areas with latitudes between 35-66.5 degrees  (As comparison: subtropical climate you find in areas with latitude between 23.5-35.)

That's quite a span!.

Let's see a couple of examples of what's located in a tempered climate, but closest to the equator: latitude approximately 35 degrees north and south (the most warm places in Tempered climate):
Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
Kyoto, Japan
Memphis, Tennessee, USA
Oklahoma City, USA
Tokyo, Japan

At the latituse of 66.5 degrees we find for instance;
Well, the closest I came to 66.5 ia a city;
Kemijärvi, Finland (please do NOT ask me to pronounce the city name)

But let's cut thru and just say, that besides latitude, there's also other players in the game, some only applicable for the particular area. 

Wind? Effects temperature, and it's possibly necessary to put up a fence, if the plants are constantly "blowing away".

Ocean? Also effects temperature, the wind also has effect here, when it comes from the seaside.

Shade? Applies for all hobby farmers. If you have a "normal" size garden, and the neighbours have huge trees, well, you know the rest...

Shades form buildings?

Sunlight in the garden during a day (I'll take this up at a later point.)

So many, many factors are playing the game of gardening. To win the game (grow a lot of food)  you need to know the details of your contestants.

I'm not thriving perfect without soil under my nails and the sun in my face, so I'll do my own sunlight test for this season tomorrow - that is of course, If the sun decides to pay us a visit for once.